Introduction:
Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, holds a prestigious place in the country's honor system. Instituted in 1954, it recognizes exceptional service or performance of the highest order without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. Over the years, Bharat Ratna has been conferred upon individuals from diverse fields, including politics, literature, science, arts, and social work. This article delves into the history, significance, controversies, and notable recipients of the Bharat Ratna.
History and Evolution:
The idea of an Indian civilian award was first mooted by then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. He envisioned an honor that would be the Indian equivalent of the British Order of Merit. Consequently, the Bharat Ratna was established on January 2, 1954, by the President of India, Rajendra Prasad. Initially, the award was limited to recognizing achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services.
Significance:
Receiving the Bharat Ratna is a momentous occasion for any individual. It symbolizes national recognition and gratitude for exceptional contributions to the nation's progress and welfare. The award not only honors the recipient but also serves as an inspiration for future generations. It acknowledges the recipient's dedication, innovation, and commitment to making a positive impact on society.
Criteria and Selection Process:
The selection process for the Bharat Ratna is governed by the Bharat Ratna Act, 1954. Initially, the recommendations for the award were made by the Prime Minister to the President. However, in 2011, the Government amended the rules, allowing any citizen to recommend a person for the award. The recommendations are reviewed by a committee comprising the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and the Chief Justice of India. The final decision rests with the President.
Controversies:
Despite its esteemed status, the Bharat Ratna has not been immune to controversies. One recurring debate is the posthumous conferral of the award. While some argue that it should be awarded only to living individuals, others advocate for honoring deserving personalities posthumously. Additionally, there have been criticisms regarding the selection process, with allegations of political bias and lobbying. The controversies surrounding certain recipients have at times overshadowed the award's integrity.
Notable Recipients:
Over the years, the Bharat Ratna has been bestowed upon numerous eminent personalities who have left an indelible mark on Indian society. Some of the notable recipients include:
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: The chief architect of the Indian Constitution and a champion of social justice.
2. Mother Teresa: Renowned for her humanitarian work and selfless service to the poor and destitute.
3. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru: The first Prime Minister of independent India and a key figure in the country's freedom struggle.
4. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Known as the "Missile Man of India," he made significant contributions to India's space and defense capabilities.
5. Lata Mangeshkar: The legendary playback singer, often referred to as the "Nightingale of India," for her melodious voice and contribution to Indian music.
6. Sachin Tendulkar: Regarded as one of the greatest cricketers of all time, he holds numerous batting records in international cricket.
Conclusion:
The Bharat Ratna stands as a beacon of excellence, honoring individuals who have made exceptional contributions to India's progress and development. While controversies and debates may surround its selection process, there is no denying the significance of this prestigious award in recognizing and celebrating the nation's finest. As India continues to evolve, the Bharat Ratna remains a symbol of the values and aspirations that unite the diverse fabric of the nation.

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